0:01

How to everyone. It's Chuck here on Saturday.

0:03

I thought I would brighten everybody's day with

0:05

this selection from June thirteenth, twenty

0:08

seventeen. How the Beagle Brigade

0:10

works. Oh boy, just get

0:12

ready for cute overload. Welcome

0:20

to Stuff you Should Know, a production of

0:22

iHeartRadio.

0:29

Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh

0:31

close Ark, There's Charles w Chuck

0:34

Bryant, Jerry Jerum

0:37

Rowland's over there. So this is Stuff you should

0:39

know, the Beagle Brigade edition.

0:44

Yes, another I

0:47

guess we covered drug

0:50

sniffers, yeah,

0:53

but not or did we do Seeing Eye

0:55

Dogs as well?

0:57

We did, remember, because Seeing Eye Dogs

0:59

is actually your brand name. It's one of those oh

1:02

like a band aid, yeah, Kleenex or

1:04

something. That one was

1:06

that was a great one.

1:08

Yeah. So I mean, is this the last

1:10

job that dogs have?

1:12

And we we didn't cover dogs that serve

1:15

as pack animals.

1:16

Yet, so oh that's right, yeah,

1:18

like herders.

1:19

Yeah, that'd be good. Are lumberjack

1:21

dogs.

1:22

Oh that's true, that's right. Or dogs

1:25

that are sous chefs.

1:28

Right. So yeah, we've got a big, big long

1:30

suite coming.

1:31

I thought it was done.

1:32

Sorry, no,

1:34

no, but this one might be the most adorable of

1:36

all of them.

1:37

Yeah, and this one was. I

1:39

was always confused. I always thought the beagles

1:42

at the airport because as you will learn,

1:45

Atlanta is they're

1:47

they're trained here outside of Atlanta.

1:50

But I thought that that the beagles were.

1:53

I just thought they were drug sniffers, really

1:56

did everything sniffers.

1:58

Oh I see. No, you could

2:00

have a big old suitcase full of cocaine

2:02

and walk right past that.

2:04

Dog and be like, well,

2:06

that's good to know, you know.

2:07

Sure for the next time you're smuggling cocaine

2:10

suitcase. Yeah, once you

2:12

make a past a beagle, you're home free.

2:14

But don't have a head of lettuce.

2:17

No, because those beagles

2:19

will pounce on your neck and chew your throat

2:21

out. Or don't have that train to do.

2:23

Don't have a whole hog. Can

2:26

you believe that story?

2:28

Totally?

2:29

So this one was, uh, I

2:31

think it was in Atlanta at

2:34

Hartsfield Jackson Airport.

2:36

Yeah.

2:36

And there was a woman traveling from

2:38

Peru to the United States

2:41

with a roasted

2:43

pig, an entire roasted pig in

2:45

her bag, and I mean it was very

2:48

sweet. You know, she was just trying to

2:50

bring home a holiday meal for

2:53

her family.

2:53

Yeah, it was Thanksgiving, I think right.

2:55

Yeah, she smuggled in a roasted

2:57

pig. Yeah, and it was a little little

2:59

you know, it was big.

3:01

Well, they have pigs tend to be. I mean,

3:03

it didn't say a suckling pig, A pig.

3:06

I assumed it was a big old pig.

3:08

No, it was a picture of it.

3:09

Oh yeah, that's right, but it was. It was a

3:11

good sized pig.

3:12

Yeah. The guy Rob Brisley, public

3:15

affairs officer, said the right steps had

3:17

to be taken to confiscate and destroy

3:19

the item, and then the Senate stopped.

3:22

But I imagine he said, with our.

3:23

Mouths right, with

3:26

extreme vengeance.

3:28

So anyway, I mean that's just one example.

3:31

Yeah, we should we should probably say exactly

3:33

what we're talking about for those people who haven't been

3:35

to an international airport in the United

3:37

States. But there is a

3:40

group of working dogs that

3:42

are exclusively beagles, hence the

3:44

name the Beagle Brigade from what I understand,

3:47

although I did see reference that they do use labs

3:49

sometimes, but I'm pretty sure it's

3:52

almost exclusively beagles, if not exclusively

3:54

beagles. And these dogs have

3:57

a job. They're actually federal agents

3:59

with the the U. S d A,

4:02

the Department of Agriculture, no

4:06

or not the DEA either, but

4:08

their federal their federal agents, and they

4:10

are their whole job is to sniff

4:12

out agricultural products.

4:16

And the whole point of all of this is

4:18

that the US has

4:20

a pretty extensive agriculture

4:23

infrastructure, right, And

4:26

if something comes through, say

4:28

that's a

4:30

pest, right, like a bug that

4:33

eats what do we

4:35

grow here, cotton, cotton, weavil,

4:38

but from another country, right, So

4:41

a non native pest or non

4:43

native plant, or diseased

4:47

bat, it

4:50

could wreak havoc not just on our agriculture

4:52

system, but if if the wrong kind of thing comes

4:54

through, Like there's there's procedures in place

4:56

for for food to come in the United

4:59

States, you supposed to carry it

5:01

in your luggage because it has to

5:03

be inspected, it has to come from a trusted

5:05

source. We have to know that it doesn't have something

5:08

like hoof and mouth disease or

5:10

ebola or something like that. Right.

5:13

Yeah, I mean it says in here in our own

5:15

article that it's a one trillion dollar

5:17

industry, our own agricultural

5:20

agricultural product industry, right,

5:22

And that's import, export, eating it,

5:25

producing it. An

5:27

invasive species can

5:29

be one hundred. It says about

5:31

one hundred and thirty six billion dollars in

5:33

agricultural lost revenue?

5:37

Is that annually? I believe so, man,

5:39

So, I mean, that's that's a

5:41

lot of economy at stake here, So they take it

5:43

very seriously.

5:45

Right, So there's this group, So

5:47

the USTA, the Department of Agriculture

5:49

here in the US has

5:51

a subgroup called APHIS,

5:54

which is the Animal,

5:56

Plant, Animal and Plant Health

5:59

Inspection serve this and

6:01

they're the ones who are tasked with basically

6:03

creating this virtual border,

6:05

this virtual barrier to

6:08

stuff coming in the US to protect

6:11

agriculture in the US.

6:12

Right, Yeah, like the notorious

6:15

Romanian cotton weavil.

6:17

Right exactly the most

6:19

insidious of all, and

6:21

specifically at international airports,

6:24

working in conjunction with the Customs

6:27

Bureau CPB Customs

6:30

and no CBP, right, customs and border

6:32

patrol. You've got these cute, adorable

6:34

little beagles who are trained to

6:36

sniff this stuff out from

6:39

people who are trying to smuggle whole pigs

6:41

into the into the country when they're not supposed

6:43

to.

6:43

God bless that lady. I

6:45

felt bad for you

6:48

know, Yeah, I mean I get it, sure,

6:50

but you know.

6:51

I mean, there's no

6:54

way she did not cry when

6:56

the agriculture inspector took her whole

6:58

pig She's going to feed to her family.

7:01

What a waste of food.

7:02

She worked so hard on that chuck.

7:04

I know, it

7:07

might have been like her favorite family pig

7:10

that she was waiting.

7:11

It was babe. Babe gave

7:14

his life.

7:16

So you want to talk a little bit about these

7:19

the history here, because it did not agricultural

7:23

agriculture dogs or

7:26

agricultural detection did not start

7:29

in the US. It actually started in Mexico. Yeah,

7:32

I guess was probably the early seventies.

7:35

I could not find when it started,

7:38

but yeah, we know it's definitely prior to the

7:40

seventies because based on this, I guess

7:42

it was a USDA training

7:44

manual that was referencing it.

7:46

It picks up then in the late seventies

7:49

that the USDA started this.

7:51

Yeah, and then up until nineteen eighty

7:53

three, we used we

7:55

use big dogs, you know, like typically and

7:58

I think we covered this in a lot of the other like

8:00

drug sniffers like German shepherds and

8:03

labs are certainly good, but they are

8:06

labs aren't so intimidating, but German

8:08

shepherds can be, even though I love them, I grew up

8:10

with them. Sure, a lot of people

8:13

the side of a German shepherd coming at

8:15

them in an airport is a little

8:17

scary.

8:18

Yeah. I mean some people have sinophobia,

8:21

which is a fear of dogs specifically,

8:23

in which case even the smallest dogs going to

8:25

scare you. But even people who

8:28

don't have an actual phobia dogs aren't going to

8:30

be scared of certain breeds, and that definitely

8:32

includes German shepherds for sure.

8:34

So it started in Mexico and then finally

8:37

in nineteen eighty four, the

8:39

USA USDA started

8:41

at lax Started,

8:44

which is probably a pretty good airport to pick for

8:46

a pilot program. Yeah, not a

8:49

airplane pilot program, although

8:51

I'm sure they had those. Yeah.

8:53

Did you hear about the King of the

8:56

Netherlands. Uh. They found

8:58

out that he has been secretly

9:00

undercover moonlighting as

9:02

a KLM airline pilot

9:05

for fun for like the last like

9:07

once a week, for like the last

9:09

twenty something.

9:10

Years, and has been flying.

9:11

Yeah he's Yeah, that's what I'm saying, Like he's been undercover

9:14

flying, not

9:16

as the King of the Netherlands, just trying

9:18

to have a life of his own.

9:20

I thought, you meant, like Leo

9:22

DiCaprio, didn't catch me if you can. He just pretended

9:24

to be a pilot. Oh no, geta and

9:27

fake checks.

9:28

You're a king, you can't be a pilot.

9:30

Wow. So was he did he come

9:32

clean or was he outed?

9:34

I guess he was outed. And he said from time to

9:36

time somebody would recognize him, but he'd

9:38

just have them kidnapped.

9:41

Yeah, kidnapped and killed rendered

9:44

extraordinarily.

9:45

Wow, that's pretty crazy. Yeah, well, good

9:47

for him. Yeah, they should just let him fly,

9:49

you.

9:49

Know, I think, I think so. They're

9:52

going to work it out, probably, I hope.

9:54

So if not, that guy's one outlet has

9:56

been taken away from.

9:58

Well, so his pilot PROGRAMM did is

10:00

maybe failing. But the pilot program in nineteen

10:03

eighty four LAX

10:06

worked great. And they

10:08

this is a big deal at the time too. It was a big

10:11

change from any kind of detection

10:14

programs that they had at the time. I don't know why

10:17

it took that long, but because dogs

10:19

are you know, obviously well known sniffers

10:22

to the tune of I mean, compared to humans,

10:27

how many millions of old factory

10:29

nerves the dogs have.

10:30

I know it varies, so somewhere

10:34

somewhere in the middle is the docs and I

10:36

didn't see the beagles specifically, but

10:38

supposedly beagles are about average as far

10:40

as scenting goes, which is surprising to me. But

10:43

the docs and has one hundred and twenty five million

10:46

olfactory receptors amazing,

10:48

and humans have five million on average.

10:51

And I know the dogs even the size

10:53

of their nose can make a difference. So I

10:56

was a little surprised they picked beagles. But one of the

10:58

big reasons is a the Navy had used them

11:00

previously to great

11:02

success. And be like

11:05

you said, you know, they're they're little, they're

11:07

cute, so they're not going to scare anyone

11:09

at the airport. Uh, And they can.

11:12

They're agile. They're because they're small, and

11:14

they can jump around on a conveyor belt

11:16

like nobody's business. Yeah, to

11:18

find that Romanian cotton weavil.

11:21

Right, Sometimes they'll find

11:23

just enough fruit that they'll make a little head dress

11:26

out of it, like Carmen Miranda. Yeah,

11:28

nothing cute, that's a a beagel in one of those.

11:33

Well. The other cool thing about the dogs and there their

11:35

sniffing abilities is uh,

11:38

it's like you can't

11:41

disguise something like if you if you

11:43

have of course, uh I was about

11:45

to say drugs again. But if you have, Let's say you want

11:47

to sneak in that cotton weavil okay, and you

11:49

think I'm going to hide in and a can of coffee. Actually

11:52

that might be you might not be able to bring in coffee

11:54

either, now that I think about it. I was just

11:56

trying to think of something with a strong odor.

12:00

Bottle of perfume.

12:01

Okay. The dog will be able

12:03

to pick that out of that perfume,

12:06

right, will be able to almost geolocate

12:08

it, because

12:10

they don't they don't get confused like we

12:12

do.

12:13

Yeah, so you know how like a dog can

12:15

when you when you watch a dog on a scent, it's

12:17

just kind of like sniffing back

12:20

and forth in the air as it moves. So

12:23

what it's doing is it's basically the same

12:25

thing with our vision. Right, the information

12:27

is getting from one nostril and the other nostril,

12:29

its brain is putting together to create

12:32

basically like a three D map of where

12:34

that smell is coming from, just like the

12:37

information from one eye compared to

12:40

the information coming into our other eye gives

12:43

us an idea of like depth,

12:45

right, or perspective, that kind of thing. So

12:48

it's basically the same thing, but with their old factory

12:50

sense. And put

12:54

on top of that is the fact that they can

12:57

distinguish sense. Like this article

12:59

this USDA Manuel said, when

13:01

you walk into a kitchen and you

13:04

smell chili, you smell

13:06

chili, right, chili's cooking. Put

13:08

it all together, it's chili. That's how you smell. Is the sum

13:11

of all the parts.

13:12

Yeah, you know, if you're good, you might be able to

13:14

pick out a thing or two.

13:15

Maybe, like you know, like

13:17

do I detect Yeah, some cuman.

13:21

But a dog will walk

13:23

in there and smell every single one

13:25

of the ingredients separately, right,

13:27

Which is why you can't just take something and

13:29

try to overpower the smell of it with something

13:31

else. The dog will smell the thing that you're using

13:34

to try to overpower it with, but it'll also

13:36

smell the other scent. Apparently

13:38

they can smell this thing says they can

13:41

smell table salt in

13:43

a dilution of one part

13:45

to ten million parts.

13:47

That's amazing.

13:48

Isn't that crazy?

13:49

That is crazy. That's also why if you've ever taken

13:51

your dog to a new like

13:54

a new really new environment that

13:57

they've never been to, like the beach, for

13:59

instance, when I took and I think a

14:01

couple of years ago, we did a beach vacation and took

14:03

our dogs and

14:06

they were going crazy, Like we walked them

14:08

down to the beach and it was just

14:10

nose in the air because you know, there's always

14:12

a good breeze or usually a good breeze on the beach,

14:15

and I can imagine they were just they

14:17

were smelling these just hundreds and hundreds

14:19

of things that they'd never smelled before. Yeah,

14:22

And it's pretty neat to see, and you kind of wonder what's going

14:24

on in that lunkhead of theirs, you

14:26

know, m in my

14:28

case, one luckhead and one smart one.

14:30

I've seen before that

14:33

when a dog is sniffing at a tree, what

14:35

you're watching them do is sniff, you know, the

14:38

tree itself, but also every single

14:40

insect in that tree, every bird

14:42

in that tree, everything that's in that tree right then

14:44

that dog is smelling that.

14:45

Yeah. And I think it definitely varies

14:48

because obviously some

14:50

dogs are better, like hunting dogs

14:52

and such and my new dog Nico,

14:55

we think maybe part plot hound.

14:58

What's that?

14:59

Just like a you know, a hound, Okay,

15:02

I mean you can look up plot hound and it

15:04

looks like my dog, okay, but

15:07

like a mix of a plot hound. But I think that they're like

15:09

really good scent dogs too, because

15:11

she, more so than other dogs I've had, is

15:13

really driven by her nose and

15:16

when you let her out, she's got her nose to the

15:18

ground like for quite a while.

15:20

I was reading today about scent

15:22

tracking, and apparently it's something like some

15:24

people like to do agility stuff with their dog,

15:27

or other people do like obedience

15:29

like competitions and stuff,

15:32

and then other people and apparently this also

15:34

is a really good thing to do. If you found your your

15:36

dog is like no good at obedience, right,

15:39

they might actually love scent

15:41

tracking because unlike the obedience

15:43

stuff or the agility stuff,

15:46

when you're when you're scent tracking, the dog

15:48

is totally in charge. You're basically

15:50

following the dog, but you're doing it together,

15:53

especially during training as well.

15:55

Well. You know, they'd say if your dog

15:57

has behavioral problems, and a

16:00

lot of times that means they have a job that they're

16:02

not being they're not allowed to do.

16:04

Oh yeah, that makes sense.

16:05

You know, like if you have a herding

16:07

dog that doesn't have a herd,

16:10

then that might be a big pain in your butt

16:12

until you can find a way to kind of

16:14

let them. I don't know if they

16:16

can not necessarily word part time

16:19

as a herder, but do something that acts

16:21

as a herder, you know.

16:22

Might as well make some money off of it.

16:25

You want to take a little break, all right,

16:27

We're gonna take a break and get back to the beagles

16:29

right after this.

16:32

Fish. All

16:46

right, Chuck, So we're back. So we were talking basically

16:48

about dogs in general, but since

16:51

nineteen eighty four, the USDA

16:53

has been training beagles for

16:56

its Beagle Brigade, right, which is this frontline

16:59

covering America's agricultural

17:02

infrastructure.

17:02

That is correct.

17:04

So I

17:06

was very heartened to learn from researching

17:09

this that the Beagle Brigade,

17:11

specifically with the USDA, all

17:14

of them come from shelters. They're

17:16

all shelter animals.

17:17

Yeah, and you know what, it kind of makes sense. At first,

17:20

I just thought it was out of the kindness of their heart that

17:22

they wouldn't like support the dog

17:25

buying industry, but they

17:28

a lot of times just get problem dogs, these

17:30

beagles that are so like, you know,

17:32

up in the business in your pantry or

17:35

your refrigerator, or sniffing out

17:37

your shoes so they can chew them up. People

17:39

will you know, well,

17:42

I have opinions on this, but people will turn that

17:44

dog back in or whatever to be adopted,

17:47

hopefully from a no kill shelter.

17:50

Right. So then that's

17:52

a big point that this USDA

17:55

spokesperson makes in the House to Works article,

17:57

is like a lot of people are saying, I'm

17:59

not quite sure how I feel about this. You guys are using

18:02

these dogs as tools

18:04

basically, yeah, And

18:08

I don't know, I don't think dogs should be used that

18:10

way. And the USDA's

18:12

response is, well, a lot of these dogs would

18:14

would basically be put down if it weren't for us,

18:17

you know, they would be euthanized because

18:19

they can't they're too hyper to

18:23

live with a family. But that's exactly

18:26

the kind of temperament we need for

18:28

what we're having them do. So actually it's

18:30

win win for everybody.

18:32

Well. Yeah, and as much as I love my

18:34

dogs laying around in bed with me, a

18:37

happy dog, it's a dog that's working and exercising

18:41

and then at the end of the night they get to relax.

18:44

But you know, it's easy to and

18:46

we cover some of this and seeing

18:49

eye dogs and stuff, it's easy to be like, oh man,

18:51

that dog doesn't get to have fun all day, and

18:53

that's just not true at all. These dogs have a purpose

18:55

and they they're good at what they

18:58

do. So don't don't think of it as like using this

19:00

dog is a tool in

19:02

a bad way, you know, right.

19:04

And then on the other end of it, if

19:06

the dog is brought into

19:09

the program and they find out

19:11

that the dog doesn't have what it takes,

19:14

maybe it doesn't work very well amidst chaos

19:17

like an airport always has, or

19:21

perhaps the the

19:24

the dog just seems unhappy. They say, if

19:26

the dog seems unhappy, they'll retire

19:28

it early. Yeah. At any

19:30

rate, they have apparently

19:32

a record

19:35

of adopting out their beagles, and

19:37

there's a waitlist right now sure to

19:40

adopt these beagles that have worked

19:42

for you know, several years, or

19:44

or didn't work, didn't make it, but you know,

19:47

entered into the program. They don't return them

19:49

to shelters, they don't euthanize them. They

19:51

adopt them out and apparently the USCA

19:53

has one hundred percent adoption record

19:55

on that, which is pretty outstanding.

19:57

Yeah, and as with a lot of service dogs,

20:00

their first their handlers

20:02

given first right of refusal for adoption, right,

20:06

which a lot of times they do, so, you know,

20:08

but.

20:09

Yeah, I would guess so too, because apparently

20:11

when the dog and the handler

20:14

are paired up together as a team,

20:18

they stay a team for the dog's

20:21

whole career.

20:22

It's like like Rigs and Myrtal.

20:24

Right, or Turner and Hooch.

20:26

Actually it's not like Riggs and Myrtal because they were

20:28

paired at the very end of Danny Gloverer's

20:30

career. So that was a bad

20:32

announce. Oh that's right, that's true because

20:34

he's too old for that crap. Yes,

20:38

that's a big line.

20:39

Yeah, that was a great line.

20:40

Isn't that a TV show? Now?

20:42

I don't think it is anymore.

20:44

Jerry's nodding, but that probably means

20:46

you're both right, short

20:49

lived.

20:49

I think so. I haven't seen any ads

20:52

for it lately.

20:52

What a dumb idea, like, hey, let's dust this

20:54

thing off for years

20:57

ago.

20:57

They do that with everything like twin

21:00

Peaks even, It's like, how how come on. How

21:02

are you going to pick that back up?

21:03

Let's just well, stid of mind that, because

21:05

that's just more greatness from David Lynch.

21:09

Is it any good I've heard? Not necessarily.

21:11

I think it's great. I mean it's I

21:14

mean, I'm a fan of anything David Lynch does. It doesn't

21:16

sure, I didn't expect it to be exactly

21:20

what Twin Peaks was. It just feels like a

21:22

new TV show from David Lynch to.

21:23

Me, Oh gotcha? Really?

21:26

Okay?

21:26

You know, yeah, I could be down with that, all

21:29

right, So let's get into this. You mentioned

21:31

handlers.

21:33

We've been dancing around this the whole time.

21:35

You mentioned handlers, and this,

21:37

like we said earlier, this takes place at

21:39

a place called the National

21:42

Detector Dog Training Center,

21:44

the nd DTC, right

21:47

here in Lovely Noonan, Georgia.

21:50

Which is that west?

21:53

I think it's south west, southwest,

21:55

like just down eighty five after it splits

21:57

off a seventy five eighty five.

22:00

Edge of my own home state is pretty poor. If I haven't

22:02

camped there, and it's outside of

22:04

Atlanta, I probably don't know exactly where it

22:06

is. I'm pretty sure I'm right, okay, southwest

22:09

then let's go with that, okay, and

22:12

they start training, Like with most service

22:14

dogs, they do that initial testing to

22:17

just sort of see are they healthy, do

22:19

they have the right temperament, how's their behavior?

22:22

And that initial screening is where the first lot

22:25

gets weeded out. And one of the biggest

22:28

parts of that initial weeding out is they

22:30

have to have a high food drive. And that's

22:32

not that doesn't mean how hungry

22:35

are they. That means your dog

22:37

has just been fed. Those little beagles

22:39

just eaten, right, they still have a high

22:41

desire to get to where the food is.

22:44

It's like bacon, bacon.

22:45

Basically, that's what you're looking for. Yeah,

22:48

and you make a lot of noise and you have crowds around

22:51

and you just you're testing their focus. And

22:53

this is all just the like I said, the initial screening

22:56

to say, all right, little Henry the beagle

22:58

here has.

22:59

What it takes, right, we think,

23:02

yeah, well, yeah, that's just a start. Can

23:04

he also learn

23:07

to differentiate? That's the big one. That's the

23:09

next big step, right, So I think there's like a

23:11

one or two week like evaluation process.

23:15

They also like give the dog a full

23:17

like veterinarian inspection.

23:21

I believe they spay and or newter

23:24

I guess not and or specifically

23:26

not and or in that case, or they

23:29

spay or new to the dog. A

23:32

lot of times the dogs come in not very

23:34

good shape because they're shelter dogs.

23:36

Yeah, they probably weren't taken very

23:39

good care of early

23:41

in their life, so they may need

23:43

some sort of treatment or checkups

23:45

or whatever. But then after that happens,

23:48

the training actually starts and

23:50

the dogs are trained to scent. I

23:53

guess, starting out from what I saw five basic

23:55

restricted sense.

23:57

Yeah, I didn't expect these, would

23:59

you know?

23:59

It's it's rando.

24:02

Oh is it?

24:03

No? No, it's random.

24:05

Oh I thought they were. I

24:07

thought there were five sents.

24:10

No, there are, and I'm saying that's a pretty random assemblage.

24:12

Oh okay, I got you, man, you'd

24:14

think after nine years together.

24:17

But I mean, if you were to have picked five

24:20

cents, I probably would have definitely picked

24:22

beef, pork and citrus. Those

24:24

make sense.

24:25

I guess I would have picked like monkey, bat

24:28

and probably

24:31

pig too. Yeah, but I

24:34

mean those are in there so well. The monkey

24:36

and the bat aren't, but beef,

24:39

pork, citrus, the

24:41

mango.

24:41

Yeah, that's where you threw me, what was the other

24:44

one? Apple?

24:45

Apple? Turn with apple. I didn't even know they

24:47

grew apples outside of the United States.

24:49

He was trying to smuggle an apple into the US.

24:52

I don't know.

24:53

We got the best ones here, buddy, Just leave them

24:55

at home.

24:56

Yeah, I would love to know why those are the five

24:58

basic scents, if

25:00

someone has more information than because I could not find

25:02

out.

25:03

I could not either. There's a real dearth of information

25:07

on this stuff. I even emailed the Customs

25:09

and Border Protection today because

25:12

I could not, for the life of me find

25:15

the name of that first beagle that started

25:18

out at lax in nineteen eighty four.

25:20

Cannot find it anywhere. Expect

25:23

that somebody forgot to write it down, so

25:27

no one.

25:27

Knows you're being tracked now.

25:29

Probably, Oh yeah, I've been looking up like,

25:31

you know, restricted items, agriculture

25:34

and vasive species, stuff like that. I'm

25:37

sure I'm on a list, all right.

25:38

So they teach them those well,

25:41

this is, you know, towards the end, is when they know those five

25:43

basic sense At first, they're just

25:45

basically teaching them how to sniff through bags

25:48

and suitcases and boxes and making

25:51

sure they can. You know, they'll throw a they'll

25:53

throw a goat's head and a suitcase and

25:57

send it through in noonan and

26:00

you laugh. But one of them found a coat heead not

26:02

too long ago, I know. So it happens,

26:05

and they just make sure they can do that, and they eventually

26:07

and then of course they have to differentiate, like

26:09

there's a lot of things that are scented, like those

26:11

things that are just fine, like an

26:13

orange perfume.

26:16

Right. Well, that's another that's gotta be kind

26:18

of tough to learn for a dog too, is the difference

26:20

between you know, orange scented

26:23

stuff or things that are made with like say, orange

26:25

essence, like a candy

26:28

or a lip balm or something like that. Yeah, and

26:30

an actual orange because

26:32

the lipbalmb no problem. Actual

26:34

orange, you got a problem.

26:36

That's right. And once they've done

26:39

this, this is about a

26:41

a few months, probably ten to thirteen weeks.

26:44

And this is and they're being trained

26:47

in regular like how to paw at

26:49

stuff and alert

26:52

and sitting responses

26:55

like all of this is one big learning

26:57

period and the handler's getting trained as well obviously,

27:00

right. But at the end of this is when they finally

27:02

do graduate to those five basic scents. And

27:06

I guess see what I don't get it

27:08

from the basic sense. Is is it from those

27:10

sense that they can smell anything?

27:12

No, that's crazy. That's what I

27:14

thought too. That's that's what it implies.

27:16

Like if you put together apple and

27:19

pig and mango,

27:21

you've got like bat

27:24

that's not the case, Like each thing has its own

27:26

scina. I don't know if those are

27:28

like the most commonly smuggled

27:30

ones. Possibly maybe, so those

27:32

are the ones they need to start out with. Maybe they're

27:34

the easiest ones. I don't know, but I

27:36

yeah, if you put those things together, especially

27:39

if a dog smells in layers right and differentiates

27:42

between sense, it's not gonna smell the combined

27:44

center those things. It's gonna smell each thing. So

27:47

I'm not sure why those are the five basic ones.

27:49

Can't find out. Yeah, well hope this one

27:52

was a stone wall. I mean, like we're professional

27:54

researchers here, and like we really ran

27:56

into a wall. Yeah.

27:57

Who would have known that the beagle brigade is what would

28:00

throw.

28:00

Us, it would break us.

28:02

Uh. So they've they've

28:04

learned all these since they've learned how to alert, they're

28:06

getting treats or getting positive reinforcement

28:08

along the way.

28:10

Yeah, that's a big one too. The entire training

28:12

is strictly positive reinforcement.

28:14

Yeah, they don't beat these dogs down

28:16

if they're not smelling correctly.

28:18

They have like they spend ten grand

28:20

a month on newspapers to roll up teach

28:23

these dogs lessons.

28:24

The puppy bounder. So

28:27

once they've once they've gone through

28:29

all of that, everyone

28:32

knows I'm joking, right.

28:34

Yeah, okay, and if you're new to the podcast and don't

28:36

just don't even bother emailing.

28:38

Yeah, we're great animal lovers here. So

28:41

once they've they've gone through this whole training process,

28:43

they finally graduate. They get their little

28:45

diploma, their little hat and

28:47

their little robe, and they graduate

28:50

from Noonan and they get to move to the big city

28:53

with the Atlanta

28:55

or anywhere any international airport, but Atlanta

28:58

certainly has a large one for sure.

29:00

And so once they get to their

29:03

home base airport that they're going to be working at,

29:06

they're still evaluated and trained

29:08

for another sometimes ten to thirteen

29:11

weeks.

29:12

Yeah, training is kind of ongoing from what I saw

29:14

too, like the whole career, you know.

29:16

Yeah, it's not like the okay, stop

29:18

learning dog. Yeah, you know

29:20

too much. But

29:23

I think the initial training period.

29:25

They're basic training

29:27

still can go on for another ten to thirteen

29:30

weeks after they get to the airport,

29:32

and even once they get to the airport, that

29:34

doesn't necessarily mean that they're going

29:36

to stay in the program

29:38

again. Once they're finally introduced

29:41

to the chaos of an international

29:44

airport, that dog might just be

29:46

like, this is not for me. Send me

29:48

back to noonan.

29:49

Yeah you know, I mean, you can try and duplicate

29:52

that chaos in nounan, but yeah, good

29:54

luck.

29:55

You just can't. I mean, even you just can't.

29:57

There's nothing like a busy airport.

29:59

You can't recreate that. Yeah, so

30:01

some dogs are fine with it, some dogs are not. But

30:03

again, one of the main reasons why

30:06

they're choosing beagles is because

30:08

it is so chaotic, and these

30:10

dogs are their

30:12

whole thing is they're not there at like a male processing

30:15

facility. They're not there at like a border

30:17

crossing. They're there at a busy airport,

30:20

and they're they're meant to be able to kind of weave

30:22

in and out of this the crowd while

30:24

also being non threatening and also

30:26

being lovable too. Like that's

30:28

not by accident that they chose these incredibly

30:31

adorable dogs. The USDA

30:33

says that the Beagle Brigade is basically

30:35

like a walking, lovable advertisement

30:38

for what they're trying to do, which is protect

30:40

agriculture here in the US.

30:42

Yeah, they have a little vest, it says Beagle Brigade.

30:44

Yeah, and everyone oohs and

30:46

ahs and some people. If you're not,

30:49

this is probably how they do it. If you're not actively

30:52

ooing and eyeing, and you're standing there sweating heavily,

30:55

then the dog keys in on you. So I'd be in big

30:57

trouble.

30:58

And I don't know if you said it. If you did, I didn't

31:01

catch it. But the dogs are trained

31:05

to walk up to locate

31:07

a contraband item and

31:10

sit at a bag.

31:11

Yeah, yeah they I thought they attacked the person first.

31:14

It's called the passive indicating

31:16

Yeah, but rather than I saw in

31:19

this article it says they pawed it. Everywhere

31:21

else I saw that they just sit and kind

31:24

of look at the person like shame on you.

31:27

Exactly. It's a very passive aggressive

31:29

way to out somebody for a goat's head

31:31

in their two case.

31:32

Right, So we want to oh,

31:35

yeah, man, you read my mind.

31:36

All right, we're gonna do that and we're gonna

31:39

finish up here with a big old brigade.

31:43

Fish.

31:57

All right, So what happens at the end of a long day,

31:59

Josh the dog.

32:03

Most beagles enjoy a good pipe,

32:05

maybe a scotch.

32:07

In an easy chair, perhaps

32:09

a cigar.

32:11

They sure they tend to watch CNN.

32:13

I'llough if you watch Fox News and

32:16

they fall asleep a little

32:18

drunk. That's what they do every

32:20

night. It's their routine. And that's what beagles

32:23

like.

32:23

Oh no, that's our routine at

32:26

our clubhouse where we live. I

32:29

know, weirdly,

32:31

and this kind of surprised me. I guess it's not weird

32:34

now they've seen the explanation, but I was

32:36

surprised to learn that they are kindled. I thought that they thought.

32:39

I guess I thought they lived with their handler.

32:41

Yeah, because canine police dogs live with their handler.

32:43

Yeah.

32:44

I thought it was weird too.

32:45

But they're kindled. They have a facility

32:48

near the airport. Some

32:50

people have asked, like, can

32:53

I just keep this dog at night and

32:55

then take them to work every morning? And

32:58

they say no, They said this is actually best for everyone.

33:00

They need their rest. I imagine they have a good

33:03

play together. I doubt if they just

33:05

like drive them straight there and put them in the crate,

33:07

you know, there's probably a little social scene

33:09

going on.

33:10

I hope, So, yeah, I hope they don't

33:12

like get scolded for making eye contact with

33:14

the other working dogs they live with.

33:16

No, they put in their eight hours, they come home,

33:18

they probably play a bit, and then they're kinneled overnight.

33:21

Yeah, and they said

33:23

that they you know, they need

33:25

this rest time in

33:27

order to do their job successfully.

33:29

And like I said, a happy dog is a

33:31

dog that feels good about its work.

33:33

And you said, Chuck, some people ask if they

33:35

can take them home. Sure you should specify, like

33:37

that's not the agents.

33:39

Asked to like people at the airport,

33:41

I know.

33:42

Like, can I just take them home for the night and you guys

33:44

can come get on tomorrow or all of them bring them

33:46

back. I don't only live like forty

33:48

five minutes away.

33:49

Yeah, sure that we'll just get you give me

33:51

your cell phone number. That sounds great.

33:53

So it does make sense that, yeah,

33:55

they are left to just kind of rest and I'm

33:58

sure that they actually live at the airport. Which

34:00

is funny. It's like that movie Terminal with

34:03

Tom Hanks.

34:04

It says in nearby facility. You think it's actually there?

34:06

I'm sure.

34:07

Yeah.

34:09

Did you know that that movie Terminal with Tom Hanks

34:11

is based on a real life thing? Yeah,

34:15

and the guy was like living there for a decade

34:17

or something like that. And then Charles de Gaulle, Yeah,

34:20

did you see that movie? No, I just read

34:22

the article of movies based.

34:24

On Yeah, it's not very good. Unfortunately

34:26

I got that impression. Yeah, that was a

34:28

bummer.

34:29

Oh really it doesn't end well.

34:31

Well, no, it was just a bummer that it wasn't good because

34:33

I was like Spielberg and Tom Hanks

34:35

and sure, I think my hopes were high,

34:38

yep, But yeah, I didn't care for

34:40

it.

34:40

No, such luck, Charles.

34:42

So the beagle brigade is a

34:45

very closely guarded secret just how

34:47

many beagles are brigading.

34:50

So they can say

34:53

though that there are one hundred and sixteen CBP

34:55

agricultural canine teams with

34:58

the dogs and the handlers, that every

35:00

international airport in the country has a

35:02

beagle brigade there right doing

35:05

their job.

35:06

So they can tell you a lot.

35:08

Yeah, I mean you want to tell some stories here.

35:11

Yes, So there was this one dog

35:13

called Murray.

35:16

Murray was he was at

35:18

a shelter in North Georgia,

35:21

and apparently some dummies

35:24

decided they wanted a hunting dog

35:26

and didn't want to spend any money, but

35:30

they wanted a doctail and ears

35:32

and everything. So they tried it themselves and

35:34

it didn't go very well for poor Murray. So

35:37

they dropped him off at a shelter, probably

35:39

knowing the

35:42

state. They probably dropped him off on a dirt

35:44

road and somebody else found him and took him to a shelter,

35:47

and Murray was rescued

35:50

by a group called Alcovy Pet

35:52

Rescue, and I guess Alcovy

35:54

has a direct pipeline to

35:57

the Beagle Brigade. Handlers

36:00

at donn in Noonan said, Hey, we

36:02

think we got one for you. This guy

36:05

is so food driven it's crazy.

36:07

It's got a lot of love. He just needs a little

36:09

bit of attention. He's missing part of

36:11

his ear, but we can get past

36:13

that. And at

36:16

age two or three, he

36:18

became an agent

36:20

for the USDA at Atlanta

36:22

Hartsfield Jackson International Airport.

36:26

That's great. The only way that story

36:28

could have ended better is if those original people had

36:30

part of their ear cut off. Yeah

36:33

by a dog. Yeah,

36:36

what about Jasper.

36:39

So Jasper he worked at JFK.

36:41

I think, yeah, this was late

36:43

last year. Jasper retired after an eight

36:46

year career, and during

36:48

this career, Jasper seized

36:50

over seventeen thousand items.

36:55

The goat's head was Jasper, like

36:57

I mentioned. Yeah, whale meat, Yeah,

36:59

whale meat, ainoceros skin, cooked

37:01

bat really what

37:05

else anything

37:07

else crazy like that?

37:09

No, not that I saw.

37:10

And a lot of Romanian cotton weavils.

37:13

Right, and his

37:15

handler Amanda Tipple or Triple

37:17

is it Tipple or Triple Triple. She

37:19

said that she was interviewed

37:22

with Modern Farmer magazine, which I didn't

37:24

realize existed until last week.

37:27

And now you have a subscription.

37:28

Yeah, they did an interview with

37:30

her, and she was saying that that

37:33

he could very easily work longer,

37:36

but that the mandatory age of

37:39

retirement is eight because they want the

37:41

dogs to have some years of just chilling out,

37:44

not having to work, and

37:47

that she's going to take him home. She's adopting him,

37:49

or she did adopt him. I think the article was from

37:51

last year and he was on the verge of retirement

37:53

when they interviewed him, but he

37:57

went and apparently this is fairly normal.

37:59

Went from something like fifteen to

38:01

thirty hits twenty

38:04

to thirty hits a day, wow, but

38:06

had declined to about ten to fifteen. Yeah,

38:09

everybody was very disappointed in him.

38:13

Well, I mean, that's a good retirement age if

38:15

they're eight, like, barring some very

38:18

sad health concern. You

38:21

know, a dog that size can live to be you

38:23

know, thirteen fourteen years old, right, so

38:26

many years ahead of them hopefully, Yeah, in

38:28

retirement.

38:29

Yeah, and once she takes them home, you

38:32

know, she gets another dog

38:34

that she's going to partner with.

38:36

So I wonder how that'll go over.

38:37

You know, we'll Jasper be

38:40

like, I know where you've been today, and I

38:42

just want to tell you again, I'm not happy with this.

38:45

Well I bet Jasper. I

38:48

bet Jasper and all retired dogs

38:51

have to deal with that transition, you know. Yeah,

38:53

Like I imagine there's something the handlers

38:55

have to do with them on a daily basis,

38:58

like, you know, probably a lot of long walks.

39:01

I imagine the dog isn't just like all right and now

39:03

I'm gonna rest right now, like they're

39:05

used to that activity.

39:08

Well, yeah, yeah, I was wondering that as

39:10

well. I wonder too if they

39:13

get them when they're young, so they're super hyper,

39:15

and then maybe by the time they're eight they've mellowed

39:17

a little bit. Sure, at least comparatively

39:19

speaking. Yeah, yeah, I think a mellow

39:22

beagle is still pretty hyper compared

39:24

to a normal dog.

39:26

I've never been around beagles.

39:27

Actually, Oh, they they'll

39:29

pull yeah, yeah, and they bay

39:32

and everything. They're super cute, but they can

39:34

be rambunctious for sure.

39:36

Yeah. I've never known anyone with

39:38

a beagle, so I don't even know if I've ever

39:40

touched a beagle now

39:43

that think about it.

39:44

No, but if you've been touched by a beagle,

39:46

have you'll never forget it.

39:47

Chuck a couple of stats for you. Last

39:49

year alone, in twenty sixteen, the

39:51

brigade inspected twenty three million passengers,

39:55

seven hundred and forty one thousand pieces of

39:57

freight, and they alerted to

40:00

total in the United States to

40:02

more than one point seven seven million seizures

40:05

of illegal materials.

40:07

That's a lot. That's about what like seven

40:10

eight percent of people bringing

40:12

stuff in that have been caught.

40:14

Yeah, and I saw also that

40:16

there is a there's an even more

40:19

specialized group of dogs that are typically

40:21

jack Russell terriers that work

40:24

on Guam to root

40:26

out specifically brown

40:28

tree snakes. Yeah, that's crazy, which are an

40:30

invasive species that got introduced

40:32

to Guam and have killed off like a lot of indigenous

40:35

bird species, and they're basically trying

40:37

to protect Hawaii as much as they can.

40:39

I didn't know Hawaii didn't have snakes until this article.

40:42

Yeah, it's like Ireland over there.

40:44

Yeah, I mean it made sense, of course, but I just figured,

40:47

I mean, there's all kinds of invasive

40:49

species, so I just thought that I just figured

40:51

snakes would be one of them.

40:53

Yeah. No, Hawaii takes their their

40:55

like the Agriculture

40:57

Defense very seriously.

40:59

Yeah. The snake thing is yeah.

41:01

Well they'll just beat you up before they even take you to

41:03

jail. They catch you.

41:05

Well, I read an article because I was like, what is

41:07

that real? And which is I

41:09

guess a great comfort to backcountry

41:12

exploring and explorers if

41:15

you're scared of snakes. But I

41:18

read an article and there was there there were a

41:20

couple of them found last year that

41:23

you know, people had managed to sneak in. And

41:25

one was a boa constrictor that was dead

41:27

in the road like five feet long,

41:29

and the guy oh Man saw it

41:31

and said, like, there's a snake, and everyone in the car

41:33

was like, there are no snakes in Hawaii. They're

41:36

like, no, that's a snake.

41:37

He's like, oh, I'm just a total idiot. I

41:39

guess.

41:41

I'm sure their legs under there just a big lizard.

41:44

Hate you guys.

41:46

Yeah, that was that was news to me, so very

41:48

interesting.

41:49

Supposedly the ever Glades down in Florida

41:51

have a huge problem with Burmese

41:55

pythons and like a

41:57

couple of different kinds of pythons that in

41:59

all of them were pets, and now they're

42:01

just taking over and getting to be like twenty

42:04

feet long or just crazy. Yeah, eating

42:06

wild bores and things like that.

42:08

Because idiots get them and then they grow

42:10

and they say this snake is too big, yeah,

42:12

and they just put it out in the swamp.

42:14

I just wanted a puppy snake.

42:17

So here's a good example too. Like, you

42:19

know, it's easy to like the goat

42:22

head and the cooked pig gets

42:24

a lot of attention, but

42:26

usually this stuff is it's

42:29

not nefarious, you know, It's like this one

42:31

lady in February of this year,

42:33

actually, there was a beagle

42:36

named gadget that sees. And this is just one

42:38

seizure from one person. A

42:42

potted tamarin plant, two

42:44

live trees, forty two packages of seeds,

42:47

twenty pieces of palm tree plantings, chickory

42:49

seed, rice, millet, and fresh garlic,

42:52

and.

42:52

A note from God.

42:55

I mean, that's a lot of stuff, but this is what happens.

42:57

Like someone goes to another country and

42:59

they want to bring back like seeds to plant

43:02

something. It's not like they're awful people,

43:04

but it can. They

43:06

can innocently wreak havoc on agriculture

43:09

here by doing so, you know.

43:11

Right, So the process from what I

43:13

gather is that you declare anything

43:15

you have on you and

43:18

then if they can let

43:20

you bring it through, then they'll let

43:22

you bring it through. But if not, they'll just take it

43:24

and be like, sorry, we got to take this. Then

43:26

they'll shoot it in front of you. If

43:30

you don't declare it and they catch

43:32

you with it. Thanks to the Beagle Brigade,

43:35

you can be fined up to something like one thousand

43:37

dollars for your first offense.

43:40

And if it's clear you're like a straight up

43:42

smuggler, yeah, you will probably

43:44

go to jail.

43:45

Well, this person did declare that had all

43:47

that stuff chocolate

43:49

in an apple, So I guess she

43:51

thought maybe if I declare something, I

43:54

won't be a suspicious I don't know.

43:56

Right, but I mean, if you're a CBP agent

44:00

and you're looking at that, and you have the discretion of

44:02

whether to arrest that person or not, you may

44:04

very well be like, no, you're you

44:06

were definitely trying to smuggle this stuff, So I'm

44:09

going to make an example out of you, lady.

44:12

Yeah, And then Gadget's just sitting there

44:14

just like judging, what.

44:15

Have I done? Yeah,

44:17

And the lady as they're hauling her off to jail, she's

44:19

like, I would have gotten away with it if it hadn't been for

44:21

your meddling dogs.

44:25

You got anything else I do?

44:26

I have one more thing. I ran across this article,

44:28

I think it was on courts and it said

44:31

like bush meat illegal bush meat could

44:33

be the cause of the next big global

44:36

pandemic.

44:37

Wow.

44:37

There's apparently a major market

44:40

for bush meat, which is any wild

44:42

animal meat. Most people think of it as like monkey

44:45

or bat or something like that, but it also

44:48

is like elk or caribou, any illegal

44:50

meat that's basically just being smuggled

44:53

around. Yeah, there's huge

44:55

markets for it in New York, in

44:57

London, in Mayland, Europe,

45:01

and people just smuggle it in and a

45:03

lot of them make it through. And

45:05

these things just get sold behind the counter

45:07

at butcher shops in some cities. And

45:10

all that's going to take is one

45:12

of those things to have a bola

45:15

and maybe a mutant

45:17

strain that is transmitted

45:20

a little more easily than a

45:22

bola light or whatever. We have

45:24

now, and you

45:26

got a pandemic on your hands and

45:28

we can say thanks a lot. I hope you really

45:30

enjoyed that monkey leg that killed

45:33

off three quarters of the population of

45:35

humanity of Coross.

45:38

That what those two words? I

45:40

don't like it.

45:41

I know, I know that's pretty

45:43

rough. So

45:46

I guess you're done then too.

45:47

Huh, I'm done, sir.

45:48

Okay, Well, if you guys want to know more about

45:50

bush meat or the

45:53

Beagle Brigade or anything like that, type those

45:55

words in the search bar at HowStuffWorks dot

45:57

com. And since I said search bar, it's

45:59

time for listener mail.

46:03

I'm going to call this one

46:06

sad yet happy email.

46:10

Hey, guys, my name is Sam. I wanted to send you an email thanking

46:12

you for your show. The

46:14

podcast is actually a rediscovery for me. My dad

46:16

used to play it back in two

46:18

thousand and nine when we would drive

46:20

up to the mountain to go skiing.

46:23

Very fond memories of laughing and nerding out with my

46:25

dad and brothers after a great day on the slopes. Can't

46:28

believe you guys are still going strong after eight plus years.

46:30

There is a little more to my rediscovery of your show,

46:32

though, that I wanted to share. It's been four and a

46:34

half years since one of my brothers, who was an amazing

46:36

skier, died tragically

46:39

to suicide. Since I was

46:41

in college at the time, it didn't have enough time to

46:43

properly grieve. Recently, I've been mulling

46:45

through many painful memories that I ignored

46:48

in those first three years. However, your

46:50

show unexpectedly brought back really

46:52

happy ones. It is reminded

46:54

me of the fun adventure in learning our family enjoyed

46:57

while listening to your show when we are skiing. I

46:59

remember laughing hysterically with my family your

47:01

jokes rolling my eyes when my brothers and

47:03

dad would try to comment on your show to sound smart

47:06

because it was so creepy. One of your favorite episodes

47:09

of ours was the one on cannibalism. Being

47:12

a high schooler at the time, I also really liked the show

47:14

on flirting, so I thought I could put it into practice.

47:17

Needless to say, it didn't really work. Now

47:19

what. This month, I went

47:21

home for a week to visit my parents, and I went skiing with my

47:23

mom and dad, but the first time since my

47:25

brother died. It was very painful, but

47:27

also unimaginably special.

47:31

When my family and I are on the mountain, I feel like

47:33

I can encounter my brother as he

47:35

was when he was healthy and full of life. Could

47:37

picture him diving down a slope that

47:39

was way too steep with the most enormous

47:41

grin on his eager face. All in all,

47:43

it was a great day. So I just want to say thank you

47:46

but the hard work and providing interesting topics

47:48

to fill my time, making me laugh, but

47:50

also inadvertently helping me cherish a special

47:53

time in my life.

47:55

I am that was heavy.

47:58

That is from Sam and sends

48:00

hugs.

48:01

Sam. That is fantastic. Thank you very

48:03

much for letting us know. We appreciate

48:05

that and our best

48:07

to your whole family. Absolutely, if

48:10

you want to get in touch, with this like Sam

48:12

did, you can send us an email. The Stuff podcast

48:15

at HowStuffWorks dot Com has always joined

48:17

us at our home on the web, Stuff Youshould Know

48:19

dot Com.

48:22

Stuff You Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio.

48:25

For more podcasts my heart Radio, visit

48:27

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48:29

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