This is a fun one!! The title is Exercise vs Nutrition, where we debate which intervention is MORE IMPORTANT and impactful on overall health and longevity. This is simply a debate for fun, as obviously they are BOTH extremely important, and should be done in combination. BUT there is a clear winner in terms of which intervention has more health implications.

References:

 Healthy eating patterns in 75K participants: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36622660/

2023 study out of the European Heart Journal. 245,000 participants in 80 different countries: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/44/28/2560/7192512

Weight loss is not always healthy:  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004221009639;
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nutrition-research-reviews/article/review-and-metaanalysis-of-the-effect-of-weight-loss-on-allcause-mortality-risk/26226C6DF1BA32BEB00AAC87FC416667
https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2018/08310/Weight_loss_increases_all_cause_mortality_in.55.aspx?utm_sq=fv1q51vkjq

New York Times Article in 2022 titled: “YOU WONT LIVE LONGER BY DIET or EXERCISE ALONE, STUDY SAYS”: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/13/well/move/exercise-diet-disease.html

All-cause mortality was lower in ACTIVE but non-healthy diet compared to healthy diet but nonactive : https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-022-01374-1#:~:text=Adhering%20to%20one%20of%20the,unhealthy%20diet%20and%20inactive%20lifestyle

Study showing that PA is associated with reduced risk of mortality REGARDLESS of diet: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2023.112186

Estimated daily step numbers have declined ~50% to ~70% since the introduction of powered machinery: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4241367/

Exercise works BETTER than certain medications: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4241367/

SOOOOO MUCH DATA ON THE BENEFITS OF EXERCISE!!
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S003306201830135X
https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2012%2F243958
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00972.x
https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31817c65d0
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3605
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2021.06.004
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.05.031
https://doi.org/10.1249%2FMSS.0000000000001448
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