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Free to catch up on the latest episodes

1:29

without the ads. Friends

1:38

and family, welcome, welcome, welcome to another episode

1:40

of Dr. Matt and Dr. Mike's A to

1:42

Z of the Human Body. I'm

1:45

your favorite host, Dr. Mark Todovich,

1:47

joined by your least favorite human

1:49

being on the planet, Dr. Matthew Barton.

1:51

A round of applause for this loser.

1:54

Oh. Double,

1:57

double applause. That's right. They, they thought.

2:00

you know what not only is he a loser

2:02

he's the biggest loser I've ever met. Matthew,

2:05

how are you? Who cares?

2:08

Today's episode is a short

2:10

form. Did you say AZ? Short Firm. Really?

2:13

That's what they'd call me if I was

2:15

a lawyer and I started a practice. It'd

2:17

be called the short form. Now I

2:20

can't even say it. Short Firm. Alright, yes

2:23

short form. A to Z. We're

2:26

on the letter A and we are up to a

2:29

term which is anal canal.

2:32

I don't know why you're laughing it's just the part of the

2:35

body that poop comes

2:37

from which is fine. It's fine.

2:39

You know? It doesn't really plumb from you.

2:41

It just passes through it.

2:43

Sure, sure. But you

2:47

poop doesn't exit your body unless it goes through

2:49

the anal canal. But it got in, you made

2:51

it sound like this is where it's produced.

2:53

No, no. Well look you can tell me whether

2:56

it is or isn't. Matt, anal

2:58

canal is your topic today. Tell us

3:01

what do we need to know about it. So canal, the

3:03

term canal you're okay with? Like I don't

3:05

need to explain that. I just have images

3:08

of Venice. So

3:13

the guys and the gondola

3:15

with their long sticks. That's right, the gondola's

3:17

the poo. No,

3:20

that's a boat. All right, sorry gondola

3:22

is a poo. Gondola is a boat,

3:24

yes my bad. Yeah okay, so a

3:26

canal is a... Have you been

3:28

to Venice? I've never been to Italy.

3:31

Oh wow. Okay, with that said, how

3:35

do you, in Italian, how do you say ring? Like

3:38

on your finger? Anello.

3:40

Yeah, that's pretty close.

3:43

So canal we're fine with right?

3:45

It's just a passageway I guess you'd

3:47

say, right? Easy. I think you're probably

3:49

like that. I've been to Panama Canal.

3:51

Oh, enjoyable. You've been to Venice? I

3:53

have. Oh look, I've been to every

3:55

canal on the planet, including the anal

3:57

canal today. I

4:00

didn't realize, is that what it was? It was a canal tour.

4:04

Yeah, it was a

4:06

world tour of canals. And as you go

4:08

to the end you're like, oh excuse me,

4:10

we've been to every canal but worm. And

4:12

they're like, which one's that? And then welcome

4:14

to today. Today to Mercedes. Alright, so what

4:17

was... So the term anal, the term anal.

4:20

I look... Absence of... Al.

4:25

Of now. Now, absence of now.

4:28

Well, it comes from, I guess,

4:31

the derivative of ring. So

4:34

circular. And their loss. Yeah, but

4:36

then I thought it really

4:38

comes from annulus, as in, you

4:42

know, once every year, annual. Yeah.

4:44

Which is the... What's

4:46

that got to do with... Well, the earth goes around the sun

4:49

once, like in a ring. Right,

4:51

so... I'm not sure which

4:53

one comes from which, but ring, I guess ring,

4:55

right? And that one makes sense, yeah. I would

4:57

say the... What's... Do

4:59

we know what the Latin derivative of anello is? It's

5:03

all ring based. Is

5:05

that what you meant? No, I mean like the word. Is

5:09

anal. Ano, a-n-o, is ring.

5:11

Okay, there you go. So

5:14

it's Latin. Greek,

5:16

no real... Close

5:18

comparison, but as in the

5:21

sound of the term. Anyway... It's

5:23

not Greek, it's Latin. Anello

5:27

and annellis is

5:29

ring or circle. And that's

5:32

what your anus is, I

5:34

suppose. But this is not

5:36

anus, this is anal canal. So it's the little... ...heart

5:38

before you, and so it's the passageway before it gets to

5:40

the anus, which is the... Hello. ...four

5:43

centimetres. It's coming... It's the

5:45

last bit of your digestive tract or the

5:48

alimentary canal. It's just... If

5:51

you're talking about the gondola or the poo... That's

5:54

a good clue. It's just passed

5:56

through the rectum, which

5:59

is I think... Rectum is long and straight

6:01

or something, isn't it? As a term? Oh,

6:03

as a term? Don't know. OK. I'm pretty sure it is

6:05

a rectus femoris. Oh, yeah, a rectus is straight. Yeah, that's

6:07

a true. So it's a pass

6:09

the rectum and then it moves into the

6:11

anacondale, four centimetres, and then it

6:14

will pass the anus into the toilet. The

6:16

poo, that is. The gondola. Yeah.

6:19

OK. I shouldn't have said

6:21

it. OK. Sorry for

6:23

all the now you're telling listeners. What should you need to know? All

6:26

right. So this is an important location

6:28

because it kind of stores, it's a

6:30

reservoir of poo. Hold

6:33

it there for a period of time. I don't know about

6:35

the term reservoir of poo, I'm sorry. What term are you

6:38

going to hold in pond? So

6:44

it's just a- A fecal depot. OK. Here we

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a death oath for poo. Now once it's

7:55

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7:57

you. Look, it's time to go

7:59

to the bar. bathroom. Right. Vacuum

8:02

in it. Yeah. Okay. So,

8:05

but it has quite

8:07

a lot of important parts

8:09

to it, which plays a role

8:12

in its function. Okay.

8:14

So if we look at the anal canal,

8:17

you kind of look towards the bottom part of

8:20

it. And it's broken into thirds. All

8:22

right. And that is kind of

8:24

demicated by a line

8:27

called the pectinate line. Oh, yes. I

8:29

think it's also the dentate line. Yeah.

8:33

Now, that's an important point

8:35

because different things

8:38

happen there. So you

8:41

could go from lymphatics, you could go arterial, you

8:43

could go venous, you could go neural invasion. So

8:45

that's the demodulation point for heaps of

8:47

things. Heaps of things. And that came about

8:50

from where it originated embryologically. I'm

8:52

not going to get into that. Well,

8:54

I thought you do every other one. Oh, I didn't prepare for it. Okay.

8:58

So the top two thirds, which is

9:00

closer to the rectum, that came from

9:02

the hindgut, which is the gut tube.

9:05

And the rest of it, the bottom one third

9:07

came from the skin, the procteum, kind of folded

9:10

in with. And so that line,

9:12

I'd advise that. Yeah, that's right. So

9:14

the bottom one third, let's

9:16

say the neural invasion, has the same kind of

9:18

innovation as your skin. So it has

9:20

a much richer experience

9:23

of what's coming down. Whereas

9:25

the top two thirds, at least the conscious experience, you're

9:27

going to be conscious of it, but you're not going

9:30

to be able to know

9:32

exactly the feeling. That's right.

9:34

Yeah. So the top feeling like

9:36

your skin, the bottom third, the

9:38

top two thirds is like the gut, which is

9:41

just going to stretch. You just

9:43

know something's coming. Yes. Okay.

9:46

But if you didn't have the bottom one, and this is an

9:48

important clinical point, I've spoken to it before in

9:50

surgery, where they may

9:53

be doing resection, tumor resection. Yeah.

9:57

Like maybe a lower. we

10:00

call it a lower general surgeon.

10:03

Where they're doing surgeries on the

10:05

last part of the digestive tract.

10:08

If they're respecting it due to a

10:10

tumor they really

10:12

want to retain that bottom third

10:15

of innovation because if you

10:17

remove that you lose that

10:20

sensory ability. I'm saying there's a poop just

10:22

about before and it can hold on. Not

10:24

that, you don't know what it is.

10:28

You don't know if it's a poo or

10:30

a fart. That's

10:39

serious because if you had no ability to know

10:41

that this is a fart or a poo you'd

10:44

have to go to the toilet for every

10:46

single one of them. It would be

10:48

horribly life debilitating. It would

10:50

be debilitating. And you would probably have

10:52

experienced that before when you've had diarrhea.

10:55

Speak for yourself. You've never had diarrhea before in

10:57

my life. Well I have many

10:59

times traveled particularly and it's terrible

11:01

when you don't know what it

11:04

is and you know particularly at the

11:06

runs you can't fart. Well at least in

11:08

your pants. Maybe at the toilet bowl. Yeah

11:13

maybe the toilet bowl. Anyway so that's

11:15

one importance of it. It's

11:17

the neural innovation for that

11:19

reason. There's also the venous

11:21

supply and the reason for

11:23

that below the dentate is

11:25

it bypasses portal system. Do

11:27

we have an Australian comedian

11:29

called Andrew dentate? Below

11:34

the dentate is bypasses the

11:37

portal system that doesn't go

11:39

to the liver. So

11:42

you can actually give drugs and it

11:44

goes straight systemically. What would you call

11:46

that mode of taking drugs? Correctly.

11:49

Okay. I

11:51

should call it anally because it doesn't

11:53

actually call it anaconelli. Sounds

11:56

like a famous actress. Okay

11:58

anything above that. then it goes into

12:01

the portal system. So that's

12:03

two interesting relevance. The

12:05

other thing just to put as a side point

12:07

is... But is this where hemorrhoids are? Hemorrhoids, yes.

12:10

Oh, you were going to say that. Yeah. So

12:12

hemorrhoids are vasculature

12:14

that's usually held in by

12:16

a fibromuscular stocking, not really

12:19

a stocking, but tissue

12:21

that kind of holds it to the wall. But

12:24

when there's weakening, they pop inwards.

12:26

So I can say,

12:28

I've got a weakening in my fibromuscular

12:30

stocking. Yeah, exactly right. And

12:32

that's usually brought on by straining, like

12:35

constipation, but I think also... There's a

12:37

pelvic floor thing happening at the moment

12:39

where they said that it can be

12:41

due to an overactive

12:43

pelvic floor. I know.

12:46

This is something that I heard

12:48

recently. Because

12:50

the top end of it is draining into the portal

12:52

system, if you were to... Portal

12:54

have a tension. So anything that

12:57

could cause the back up of fluid, blood,

13:00

venous blood, into the liver,

13:02

that could in theory... Oh,

13:04

sorry, back it all the way

13:06

down to the hemorrhoids. Right,

13:08

yeah. Or those blood vessels,

13:11

which I guess could

13:13

cause them to... What's the term when

13:15

they pop out? They're

13:18

inflamed. They're inflamed. Swollen. What's

13:21

the term when you get varicose? I

13:24

thought they were already varicose. I thought the hemorrhoids

13:26

are varicose. Oh yes, that's right, they are. But

13:28

what I mean is they become more pronounced. Yeah,

13:30

you can have external and internal hemorrhoids. You

13:33

can still have pronounced internal hemorrhoids. It

13:36

seems like there might be a link

13:38

there between hemorrhoids and even overactive bladder

13:41

due to an issue with pelvic floor muscles.

13:45

That's interesting. So that's really the

13:47

canal. Obviously in the canal

13:49

or just to the side

13:51

of the canal, it's supported by

13:53

the sphincters. And the internal sphincter is one

13:56

that you don't have your control over. The

13:58

external sphincter is where you do. have

14:00

got it's a skeletal muscle. So you do

14:02

have that control where you can decide

14:04

when you can evacuate the

14:06

fecal reservoir as you said. Right, so you know

14:08

what you called it? No I

14:11

think I called it the fecal

14:13

depot. But again let's

14:15

not dwell on that. Oh can I actually

14:17

I missed one or two so towards

14:20

the dente line there's a couple of other

14:22

terms which you could have included in the

14:24

title of this. So it could have been

14:26

anal canal, anal

14:29

column, also anal

14:31

valve, anal sinus. Valves

14:34

now. Yeah so all these terms

14:36

are within anal canal. The

14:38

columns at the inferior portion of the

14:40

column or the distal portion is the

14:42

dente line. So these are just like

14:44

Roman columns. Not columns.

14:46

Columns. So what I was going

14:48

to say is the sinuses, the

14:50

sinuses produce mucus which

14:53

then lubricates it. Are

14:55

the fecal material to be expelled?

14:58

Well it does that but also keeps

15:00

the mucus membrane lubricated. So if that

15:02

becomes irritated it dries out and becomes

15:05

itchy. And when you have a

15:07

dog like scrape its bum on

15:09

the ground. Yes I have. That's where it gets

15:11

a block sinus. Ah.

15:14

And that's when you need so that's

15:16

when people say I've got to get

15:18

my dog's anal glands expressed. Correct. Why

15:21

does it get blocked in dogs? Don't

15:23

know. Don't know. Why is it pronounced

15:25

in dogs? Do humans get anal glands?

15:27

Well the anal. In theory I've never

15:30

seen them do that in a park like a

15:32

human do it. No. I've

15:35

seen kids do the bum crawl but I think

15:37

they've got any. But I think you do get

15:39

itchy canal.

15:41

Sure. Particularly if

15:43

you have diarrhea it becomes kind

15:46

of irritated. I'm not sure. It's the same

15:48

degree as dogs. Interesting. Anyway we'll leave

15:50

it there. Yes look that was very good.

15:52

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