0:00

Hello and welcome to this podcast

0:02

from the BBC World Service. Please

0:04

let us know what you think and tell

0:07

other people of Isis on social media. Podcasts

0:09

from the BBC World Service. are

0:12

supported by advertising. People

0:17

Fixing the World is the podcast looking

0:19

for solutions to the problems we face

0:21

today. He could potentially ease the suffering

0:23

of millions. We have a solution. let's

0:25

do a the. People Fixing The

0:27

World from the Bbc World Service.

0:39

While out. With the

0:41

next guy was happening or even

0:43

thing ever actually had a part

0:45

of the beach that not as

0:47

mine it's one of these traps

0:49

is bringing and fan they're dumping

0:51

it onto the beach and then

0:53

the construction vehicles are coming in

0:55

here. been pushing it towards the

0:57

oceans, Hawaiian and the means. You're

1:01

listening to crowd sites on the

1:03

Bbc World Service know I'm Caroline

1:05

Steel and this is Tiffany Roberts

1:07

breaks Edgy, a scientist and so

1:10

these traps are bringing in the

1:12

fan. She's take me to a

1:14

construction site in Florida which also

1:16

happens to be a beautiful beach.

1:18

and then there's other machines that

1:20

are coming in behind that and

1:22

flattening it out and reshaping it

1:24

gets you a nice white beans.

1:28

It was a bit jarring seeing all

1:30

these new easy. Polluting machines at work

1:32

to create a picture perfect beach front

1:34

will hear more about why they're doing

1:36

it later on the the show. But

1:38

the reason why we're here is because

1:40

inspired this week's listeners question she lives

1:43

just a few miles south so we

1:45

paid her visit. Her:

1:50

I my my am lazy. And.

1:54

Showed us the breathtaking ocean view from her.

1:57

Balcony. Oh.

2:09

And he. Has.

2:14

Occurred absolutely right on it, and that's

2:16

one of the appealing factors. Is gorgeous

2:19

and just so beautiful and we needed

2:21

to be preserved. Machines like the ones

2:23

we heard at the beginning of the show

2:25

has been at work on and local beach

2:27

to dumping extra sam to prevent a coast.

2:29

From washing away. And. That brings us

2:32

to her question: What is coastal erosion

2:34

and what is anything? can. We be doing

2:36

about it. I mean the view

2:38

from this balcony is faithful so we're

2:40

looking out over a white sandy beach.

2:42

All you were told concerned it that

2:44

beat is gonna get a bit too

2:46

close to your fat because I mean

2:48

it's not fall, it's not foreign. Were

2:50

very concerned about it because after any

2:52

storm the city is good enough to

2:54

bring out the machines and move the

2:56

sand back. Toward the ocean so

2:59

that it stops the erosion and

3:01

we keep our beautiful beach usable.

3:03

but. I think it's an ongoing battle.

3:05

what? and. How long can this battle

3:08

go on in it's present form

3:10

before something more dramatic. Happened yet because

3:12

it feels like can use that as a

3:14

be putting the sand back where it came

3:16

from exactly. Semi.

3:19

A beach is a lovely place

3:22

to spend an afternoon, but really,

3:24

there's so much more than that.

3:26

Features have always been important to

3:28

humans as as nutritious votes provide

3:30

speedy transport and coastal areas can

3:33

have desirable climate that coastal erosion,

3:35

deposition and even plate tectonics means

3:37

beaches are as a changing. To

3:40

find out more, let's get back to where

3:42

we started on the beach, but about five

3:45

hundred meters away from the construction. I

3:47

mean what a Wednesday morning I'm

3:49

looking out as is Crystal clear

3:51

blue water, white sandy beach, palm

3:53

trees, a light breeze. It's hot

3:56

but not too hot theater for

3:58

that. It's a great place. The

4:00

be studying. Absolutely. I want to be a

4:02

beat scientists sad day at the beach fan

4:04

and a good day in the Us. As

4:06

if. It's very true. His

4:08

Disney Roberts breaks we heard from

4:10

her earlier. She's. An associate

4:13

professor of she has sciences at

4:15

Florida Atlantic University. She's chosen to

4:17

meet us on Hollywood Beach. If you

4:19

get far enough away from the construction site, it's

4:21

a delay. With the round the

4:24

by people sunbathing and swimming and

4:26

like a lot of coastal areas,

4:28

this speech is changing every day.

4:30

So there's a couple of general

4:32

of the core processors that are

4:34

operating on a beach. You have

4:36

wins ways. Currents and tides swell

4:38

on the back part of the

4:40

beach where we're standing. The dominant

4:42

processes when such blinds stand around

4:44

down at the water. You have

4:46

tides that are modulating the ocean

4:48

sea level so sea level or

4:50

mean sea level as not static.

4:52

It goes up and down with the tides

4:54

sorry of high tide and low tide. Below

4:57

the water is where you have waves and

4:59

current picking up sand and moving them around.

5:01

So with waves they pick up San and

5:03

suspend them into the water column and they

5:05

can move San on or off of the

5:08

beach and and parents are also operating in

5:10

the near shore and they can move sands

5:12

along the. Beach. Or offshore.

5:15

These all natural processes. And.

5:17

They don't necessarily mean that the

5:19

coast is eroding, but sometimes events

5:21

like storms disrupt the balance of given

5:24

take. So under normal processes, there's

5:26

a balance between those processes and the

5:28

sediment that's moving on and off

5:30

a beach or along the beach. When

5:32

the waves are current, get kicked

5:34

sapper, higher energy. That's where they start

5:37

to pick up more material and

5:39

they can move them out of the

5:41

system. And so when you have

5:43

more material leaving the system and coming

5:45

and at results, incarceration and assists

5:47

necessarily. A problem or is coastal erosion

5:50

instead of the moving into politics and

5:52

just and that to Paul as. Having

5:54

oceans. Coastal erosion movement a

5:56

settlement along coast is a very much

5:59

natural process. Historically

6:01

coastal erosion was less of a problem

6:04

for humans as we moved with are

6:06

changing environment and this is still the

6:08

case the many indigenous facilities. but with

6:10

intensive building and development in coastal areas

6:12

like Florida, when coastline change it's now

6:15

a lot harder to adopt. If we

6:17

didn't have a built environment, we may

6:19

not even be bothered at all by

6:21

the movement of the sands. When I

6:24

say the built environment, I don't just

6:26

mean buildings and homes, I also mean

6:28

roads, other types of infrastructure so close.

6:30

The. Reason generally is a

6:33

natural part. Of having a coast. Is

6:36

it something that is getting worse with

6:38

climate change here? or is this just

6:40

an inevitable problem achievements building on the

6:42

edge of a landscape that is. Going.

6:45

To be changing. I would say that it's

6:47

so obvious they are climate change. That means

6:49

that we have sea level rise, but that's

6:51

coupled with the fact that we have felt

6:53

on the beach, on the coast and an

6:55

environment that. Very. Dynamic and so

6:58

effortless. allows you to migrate and move

7:00

around. There was so because So versions,

7:02

but it wouldn't be impacting humans to

7:04

the same degree that we care about

7:06

today. If you didn't intervene

7:09

and there was no built environment the

7:11

beach has would be able to respond

7:13

and just migrate landward. Naturally that because

7:15

we've literally drawn the proverbial line in

7:17

the sand we have a belt environment

7:20

and sell without any kind of intervention

7:22

Then you would expect that eventually the

7:24

beaches was a road all the way

7:26

back to where the community as are

7:28

So or these had a beautiful houses

7:31

that we have looking out of the

7:33

beach would eventually be swallowed up by

7:35

the sea say would succumb to coastal

7:37

erosion. Yes. The cockpit way of. Tiffany's

7:41

given as an idea of how coastlines

7:43

can get washed away. Later

7:45

on in the So will return to

7:47

Hollywood Beach to him more about what

7:49

they're doing to tackle coastal erosion, but

7:51

it's certainly not the only place to

7:53

struggle with intruding seized. He.

7:58

He needs is clear. is Puerto

8:00

Rico, a Caribbean island with beautiful

8:03

sandy beaches and some of the best

8:05

spots for surfing in the world. But

8:08

it also gets battered by storms,

8:11

particularly the devastating Hurricane Maria

8:13

in 2017. When neighborhoods were

8:16

flattened, the power grid was crippled and nearly

8:18

3,000 people were killed. And its

8:22

coastlines haven't recovered. In

8:24

April 2023 the government of Puerto

8:26

Rico declared a state of emergency due

8:28

to coastal erosion. 60% of the island's

8:31

residents live on the coast and

8:33

these communities are at great risk. I

8:46

found Echowee and it's hard to hear me over

8:48

the waves. That's

8:51

because I'm standing inside a house which

8:54

is crumbling into the ocean. Okay

8:56

so if we walk in here, I mean

8:59

it looks like people have only just

9:01

left. There's coat hangers in the wardrobe,

9:03

there's a ceiling fan, gosh,

9:06

there's a laundry basket. It

9:09

feels like people didn't even properly move out of here,

9:11

they left in a hurry. No because

9:13

one thing that happened... I'm

9:15

with Roberto Chaparro, the director of the

9:18

University of Puerto Rico Sea Grant program,

9:20

an educational scheme dedicated to protecting

9:23

Puerto Rico's coasts. He

9:25

chose to meet me by this abandoned house in

9:27

Rincon, a town on the west coast famous

9:30

for its surfing and sunsets. Okay careful, don't

9:32

get too close to the edge. Wow,

9:34

so yeah the floor just stops. The

9:40

ceiling fell down. The ceiling is completely

9:42

down. Yeah. After

9:45

opening a door right out onto the

9:47

ocean, we decided to leave the structurally

9:49

questionable house and retreat to the small

9:51

slither of beach next to it. This

9:54

is all destroyed by the force of the

9:56

waves and you know when

9:58

you are developing or constructing... Remember

10:00

my designs on the ocean

10:03

is too strong so if

10:05

it the same destroy the

10:07

structure. With. The force

10:09

of their waves. It takes

10:11

the sun from their based on

10:14

this thirty or forty four or

10:16

five the whole thing here. So.

10:18

We stayed on a small be

10:20

looking out at crystal clear say

10:23

that a person sitting across. From

10:26

and if we let me to

10:28

to the last. Sarah's a building

10:30

that has completely crumbled and to

10:32

say he got some steps leading

10:34

up to the first floor just

10:36

stops in Medina because half the

10:38

descent cases gone. There was

10:40

abusing Rosier shooting Maria

10:43

was completely destroyed so

10:45

they removed or wow

10:47

one zero. Price

10:49

Rico is a territory of the

10:51

Us and also Hurricane Maria the

10:53

island receive some help including from

10:55

the Us cool as engineers. Part.

10:58

Of the Army dedicated. To public engineering.

11:00

Seventies homes and hurricane. or still trying

11:02

to work out what to do with

11:05

these abandoned houses? This is something

11:07

that was of engineers has illusion

11:09

of they have proposed of rogers

11:12

who the mole is some of

11:14

them both people don't want them

11:16

to be more is because is

11:19

a. The. Mall is this. They

11:21

would lose their houses because they also

11:23

were getting the so they are using

11:25

them as if they were. Earth

11:28

for of sure to swap version

11:30

cities is that of like unofficial

11:32

see whoop their self sacrificial lamb

11:35

houses Moses residual you know this

11:37

is another dollars that are some

11:39

that has been going. On.

11:42

This is the base of buddhism

11:44

and now you're from of will

11:47

compare these proposed for their business

11:49

Full of the every from post

11:51

production from the demolish building. Another

11:53

program though we are experiencing is

11:55

that when they put was are

11:58

they would ross for this. Those

12:00

oh there's a decision to be made.

12:02

The u want to protect their beast

12:04

or do you want to protect thing

12:06

for a surgeon general For me it's

12:09

on his lesson as they abuse that.

12:11

We have two brothers had. A No

12:13

one in the same innocent think you're protecting

12:15

the be feel protected houses and if you

12:17

for taking houses you're also protecting the be.

12:19

No no buttercup with this houses here

12:22

before they were destroyed. You put a

12:24

lot of her off in the front

12:26

of them. Nothing will happen soon as.

12:28

but also for the some new go

12:31

away so we would have any. Booze

12:33

does work they put some cross you

12:35

can see them down. There was no

12:37

the sun is one. Hundred

12:40

can be protected from a race and

12:42

by putting haunt structures in place here

12:45

in ring com. some houses have rocks

12:47

in front of them.unfortunately that can lead

12:49

to more brazen on either side. so

12:52

decision to build and even project is

12:54

no com consequences to the beach and

12:56

the humans and wildlife that list are.

13:03

You listening to crowd science on the

13:05

Bbc World Service? I'm town and steal

13:07

an intercept. So we're looking at what

13:09

can be done about customers and thanks

13:11

to question from this the on in

13:13

Florida he's worried about her local beach.

13:16

Florida neighbor the Caribbean island, Flint

13:18

Rico has recently declared a state

13:21

of emergency. To close in Arisen. With.

13:23

Rising sea levels and storms pounding

13:25

the coastline, many people's homes and

13:27

livelihoods are under threat. But.

13:30

The thing is Austin houses which are

13:33

now on the seafront. Didn't

13:35

start out that way. And

13:37

my son of a lesson is that. See

13:39

I am a community leader from be at

13:41

least Vienna in the beach area. When.

13:43

A place to live here. Forty years ago

13:45

I have almost a kilometer have to be.

13:47

On the other side of the island is

13:50

an area code louisa. Where I

13:52

met resident Annabella went as Garcia. We.

13:54

Chatted leaning against the wall, Next

13:56

to road which just disappears into the

13:59

sea. If you meet us

14:01

off the show there was a manhole

14:03

cover seeking out over the wave. another

14:05

sign that this community was once much

14:07

bigger. Luck or panels with an end

14:09

up with coast is not been lost

14:12

to hurricanes is being lost because of

14:14

the cyclical behavior of the see that

14:16

used to leave us some and that

14:18

is no longer have any. Are.

14:20

You personally affected by customers and

14:22

is out because he lived near

14:24

the ocean. Let your house or

14:27

hall from here I am is

14:29

about five minutes block east. My

14:31

house is size houses away from

14:33

the water's edge. What needs to

14:35

be done to protect this area?

14:37

Look at some of that apple

14:40

up ahead and what they're doing

14:42

to protect my house but also

14:44

to protect those around me. My

14:46

neighbors is taking part in conversations

14:48

with the see some makers. So

14:51

that they take us into account

14:53

and we can make a comprehensive

14:56

plan that prevents us from being

14:58

displaced because otherwise I can says

15:00

something on my own. We have

15:03

to include everyone we all count

15:05

we can not thought to see

15:08

forever but we can meet He

15:10

gave beat. With the green infrastructure

15:12

with hybrid infrastructure we can find

15:15

an answer an easy as a

15:17

last resort We have to relocate

15:20

then. We have to me as

15:22

a community and reach a consensus

15:24

and understand that we have to

15:26

move for our safety. but in

15:29

the meantime we fight to be

15:31

able to adopt measures that are

15:33

appropriate for us. He added quote.

15:36

So for you, education is key. Like

15:39

an education open source where us

15:41

information is power, collective power to

15:44

see some make power to be

15:46

informed so that we know what

15:48

we can do on what we're

15:51

trying not to do. Making.

15:53

The right decision isn't easy. There

15:55

are lots of options, some more

15:57

natural and some more human may.

16:00

Mike. The Roxy saw at the base of houses

16:02

entering can. Start. Toughest.

16:04

These decisions are. Annabella.

16:06

Believes the community his should be involved

16:09

in making them. And

16:11

right now she lives only five houses back

16:13

from the ocean. Is. She thinking

16:15

of moving more vs I have

16:17

an admin a high level sick

16:20

I don't belong to relocate get

16:22

and that's it's a struggle we

16:24

have adopted. Why do we have

16:26

to relocate? Why do they relocate?

16:28

Class and people with purchasing power

16:30

com they sell our space and

16:32

bill because they can mitigate we

16:35

the stone slab in on cement.

16:37

This. Is a big problem in Puerto

16:40

Rico. The threat from erosion means local

16:42

people like Annabella risk being pushed out

16:44

of their homes and then they may

16:46

be replaced by people with the resources

16:49

to protect the houses, dissolving existing communities.

16:52

So. What should be done about it? To

16:54

make informed decisions, the government needs

16:57

information whereas a rose and happening

16:59

and. How fast. To. That

17:01

with come to the University of Puerto Rico

17:03

School of Planning in San. Fermin. The

17:05

capital hello my name is carry

17:07

on banners. One thing I am

17:09

researchers underground. scoff, planning for medical

17:11

school resource and blending in school

17:13

of Quarter you. Were

17:16

looking at a map of Puerto Rico. It

17:20

shows how erosion has affected the

17:22

island both before and after. Hurricane

17:24

Maria we use high resolution

17:26

aerial images just before their

17:28

in but other here can

17:30

maria and just after we

17:33

use our your images of

17:35

less than sort of point

17:37

five meter offer solutions and

17:39

also we use of real

17:41

inspections for w asian so.

17:43

Sealed. In that is is that you literally. Going

17:45

to the coast and having a look

17:47

yourself right? We go to a specific

17:49

a suicide or under forty four goes

17:51

from when he spotted this on we

17:54

bali they it's the information we take

17:56

measurements are we incorporate that information into

17:58

Er Jo Spice and analysis. What kind

18:00

of thing are you measuring? When you go

18:02

to the shore we made sure

18:04

changes in the shoreline position. We

18:07

also got the rise of the

18:09

type of shoreline issue As a

18:11

rookie shorelines A Sunday, Ghosts and

18:13

Anthropogenic goes. We also measured amount

18:15

of anthropogenic structures in the ghosts

18:18

and also we measure the beach

18:20

with did. You see that have one

18:22

big chains during Hurricane Maria or did.

18:24

Said of trigger a series of

18:26

small changes just before the here

18:29

to maria we have areas in

18:31

the course of pretty good at

18:33

already experience era was soon so

18:35

if we lose to the big

18:37

picture about how they're ocean federico

18:40

is working we can say that

18:42

we have a major ocean problem

18:44

the island but we see when

18:46

we have a major anthropogenic pressure

18:48

is when we have a oh

18:51

yes we've major coastal erosion. So

18:53

places where humans as it is interfering

18:55

more he see. More race. And

18:57

yes when they interfere with their

19:00

not row coastal system. What? Would

19:02

you tell his negative human interference I? what kind

19:04

of things can you see on your map that

19:06

people are doing that is causing a problem? Land

19:09

use practices, buildings very close to

19:11

the coast, pollution and it's basically

19:13

that sign off on supporting pressures

19:15

neared the core system. It's not

19:17

just that buildings on the coastline are at risk.

19:20

Cabins. Reset says that also making

19:22

the arose in worse, for example, by

19:24

trapping sand that would normally move along

19:26

the silk kid I have. Public with

19:28

can I use your mouse at her Let. His

19:31

I think I recognize girl.

19:34

Who. Has we looked at satellite

19:36

images from Twenty Twenty Two I spotted

19:38

something similiar. Ah, that's it. Oh my

19:41

gosh, I saw the exact spot I

19:43

met Annabella. Where. The road disappears

19:45

into the see the man hope idea

19:47

of the say that was yeah crazy.

19:50

This is a condition for Two Thousand

19:52

Twenty To Thirty Thousand Twenty Two January

19:54

Two Thousand Twenty Two. Two years

19:56

ago that road was intact and there was

19:59

a rocky beat and heavy and can look

20:01

even saw the back in time. If

20:03

we activate the way here which represent

20:05

the aim is for his life to

20:08

done some eighty is the condition of

20:10

hippies in two thousand painting actually in

20:12

this area here we have means in

20:14

send off the road. On

20:17

the with the most written. We.

20:19

Has approximately six point

20:21

one five years soaks

20:24

from two thousand and

20:26

eighteen. Two Two

20:28

Thousand Twenty Three will love more

20:30

than six meters of beach in

20:32

that period. And from two thousand and

20:34

twenty three to two thousand and twenty four, you've

20:36

lost the width of an entire. Eight slots.

20:39

got the at least another

20:41

two or three meters right?

20:43

Actually, we go to be

20:45

a christian I couple of

20:47

months ago and we've majors

20:49

that sections of the road

20:51

are gone as a direct

20:53

consequence of coastal erosion. So

20:55

this process of erosion it's

20:57

still affecting this area employees

20:59

us. It was shocking see evidence of

21:01

the speed of a race and and Louisa

21:03

where I just been earlier with Annabella. Kevin's

21:06

research is shared with the plethora Rican

21:08

government giving them crucial intimations. Decide where

21:10

to invest in protecting the coast and

21:13

how best to protect the coast is

21:15

a complicated subject that we're looking into.

21:17

The next leaf Crowd science episode called

21:19

how Should We protect our coastlines Will

21:21

be back in Puerto Rico To that

21:24

it's under the methods being used in.

21:29

The back where we started near I'll Listen

21:31

and home in Florida. The method they're using

21:34

to protect the coast is to don't vast

21:36

quantities of sand from the beach. On

21:38

what do scientists Disney Roberts bricks again.

21:43

Hanging in a hand in hand

21:45

and they're actually moving the san

21:48

around and reshaping at ensue. And

21:51

nine, Why These. I

21:54

see the mail today Senate I mean this

21:56

is looking good and these concerts in size

21:58

x can be a pretty quickly. You can

22:00

see there's multiple shots coming and something

22:02

the sand at any given time and

22:04

so they move pretty quickly. Have failed

22:06

out of eats and make as and

22:08

see you as safe and west said

22:10

much more natural. It might

22:13

seem slightly ridiculous pouring trump close

22:15

the sand onto the beach right

22:17

next to people sunbathing, but without

22:19

this there would be no beats

22:21

left to enjoy. South seems

22:23

like a lot a noisy business but

22:25

imagine if you have sat way it

22:27

was all the folks that are sitting

22:30

on a beach right now without the

22:32

sars. man the water would be here.

22:34

There be no recreational face as we

22:36

know. safe for habitat and they're a

22:38

d Really no protection for any of

22:40

that else. Environment. As

22:44

he walked away from the conception, I couldn't

22:47

help but think that the sand between my

22:49

toes wasn't meant to be there in made

22:51

the beach feel fake. A lot of the

22:53

sand that season nourishment in South Florida. Are

22:56

from upland mine so where people

22:58

are digging sun's out of rock.

23:01

Driving. It potentially hundreds of miles and

23:03

dumping on the beach a site so

23:05

and when Florida others a few minds

23:07

that have really nice seats, quality fans

23:09

and so that material as minds put

23:11

and to dump truck and hauled out

23:13

to the beach and then dumped on

23:15

the beach and reworks with some construction

23:17

vehicles you see out here right now.

23:19

Amazing how much work goes into maintaining

23:21

the speeches and most people lying on

23:24

the speech in the sun I bet

23:26

haven't really thought about it. Yeah it

23:28

is a lot work I think the

23:30

alternative would be. The amount of

23:32

work that it would take to

23:34

remove thera lacked homes and structures

23:36

that has and loss to Koestler

23:38

isn't It might be less work

23:40

than relocating thousands of people but

23:42

is adding Santa Beach is known

23:44

as Beach Nourishment really a long

23:46

term solution? Because. To lead the

23:48

sand you out would just be eroded as well.

23:51

So. Bizarre since access fairly effective way

23:53

to replace sediments and and last

23:56

from the system. That. idea

23:58

was nourishment is that that we place

24:00

more sand on the beach than we

24:02

intend to stay. So some

24:04

of that material can then be moved naturally

24:06

by waves and currents into the near shore

24:08

to create more of a natural profile. And

24:11

so over time, if you

24:14

have a smart beach nourishment

24:16

program, you can replace enough

24:18

materials so that it slows

24:21

coastal erosion. In Florida,

24:23

there have been studies done that

24:25

suggest that beach nourishment is the

24:27

number one mechanism to combat coastal

24:29

erosion and that it's working. And we

24:32

have enough sediment to keep up with sea

24:34

level rise for the next 100 years. Beach

24:37

nourishment works, but it's an endless

24:40

process. You have to keep adding

24:42

sand, which means you need to take it from somewhere

24:44

else and move it to where you want it again

24:46

and again, a bit like the

24:48

sand being washed inland during storms and then

24:51

moved by machines back to the ocean on

24:53

listener Ann's beach. It is a

24:55

lot of work. But again, the beaches

24:57

here in Florida are incredibly important. I

24:59

can't emphasize enough their role in storm

25:02

damage reduction, flood reduction, the amount

25:04

of money that they bring to

25:06

our economy through tourism and recreation,

25:08

and again for habitat. So it

25:10

might be expensive, but the money

25:12

it brings in tourism having these

25:14

amazing beaches offsets the cost. Yeah,

25:17

for every dollar spent, there are

25:19

numerous dollars brought back in return.

25:22

But is it a problem for the environment that

25:24

we're sort of stopping this process? Natural process.

25:26

I guess the way that I look

25:28

at it is that we live in

25:30

the environment, whether that's on a hillside,

25:32

on a floodplain, or on the

25:34

coast. And so we have to

25:36

figure out a way that we can have

25:38

our communities and also allow for natural processes

25:41

to work as best as they can. I

25:43

think along our coastline, certainly,

25:45

we're starting to feel the squeeze a

25:47

little bit more with sea level rise

25:50

and the storms causing erosion. And

25:52

That's why some of the solutions that have

25:54

been really popular and effective are things like

25:57

beach nourishment, because it's helping restore what would

25:59

otherwise be. Be the natural entirely. Coastal

26:04

erosion is a natural. Process. But it's not

26:07

just something we can live with. Climate

26:09

change is making it worse and because

26:11

with they'll call coasts we need to

26:13

act soon before community. The last. Listener:

26:17

An afterthought. Coastal erosion was.

26:19

And what could be done about it?

26:21

The Beach in Smith happening in Florida

26:23

is one way of tracking the issue,

26:25

but the coast and logistics means it's

26:28

know for practical solution everywhere. So next

26:30

week we're heading back to Puerto Rico

26:32

for a deep dive into different methods

26:34

they're trying out there. But

26:36

for now, back to and to the credits. For

26:39

that's it for this episode. Of crowd science from

26:41

the Bbc World Service. This week's

26:44

question was for me and Bloom

26:46

in the United States Miami Beach,

26:48

Florida. The program was presented by

26:50

Caroline Steel. And produced by have

26:53

assessor. If you have any

26:55

questions please email Crowd Science

26:57

at Bbc.c O.u K. Thanks

26:59

for listening everyone by now.

27:06

Do. You ever feel like your brain is on

27:08

overdrive in your mind is constantly racing. The plans

27:10

were reason to do this to never ending. Com.

27:13

Can help your mind to a

27:15

break from the noise by softening

27:17

anxiety symptoms in the moment and

27:20

helping you cope with dated assessors.

27:22

Com is number one app for

27:24

sweeping meditation, giving you the power

27:26

to com your mind and change

27:28

your life for listening to the

27:30

show. Com is offering an exclusive

27:33

offer a forty percent off a

27:35

com premium subscription a com.com/stress Less

27:37

go to clm.com/stress Less Forty percent

27:39

off unlimited access to Coms entire

27:41

library That's com dot com. Slash

27:44

stress less. People Six

27:46

In the World is the podcast looking for

27:48

solutions to the problems we face. Today,

27:50

it could potentially leaves the suffering

27:52

of millions we. Meet people with smart

27:55

idea is to discover how same might

27:57

seem to the world's for the best.

27:59

Has. Been Mrs. A fairly cheap and easy

28:01

way to get lots more solid capacity

28:03

into the middle of cities. People fixing

28:05

the world from the BBC World Service.

28:08

We have a solution. Let's do it.

28:10

Listen now wherever you get your BBC

28:12

podcast.