Nirav Dinesh Shah (born 1977) is an American epidemiologist, economist and attorney. He worked as an economist and epidemiologist at the Cambodian Ministry of Health. Shah was appointed as the director of the Illinois Department of Public Health in 2015 and served in that role until 2019. He served as the director of the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2019 to 2023. In January 2023, he was appointed as the principal deputy director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and he assumed that position in March 2023. Following the resignation of Rochelle Walensky, Shah served as the acting director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in July 2023 until Mandy Cohen assumed office.